The U.S national debt on 2015 was 1.815 * 10^13
The U.S national debt on 2005 was 4.974 * 10^12
So, the amount of increase =
1.815 * 10^13 - 4.974 * 10^12 =
18.15 * 10^12 - 4.974 * 10^12 =
(18.15 - 4.974) * 10^12 = 13.176 * 10^12
= 1.3176 * 10 * 10^12 = 1.3176 * 10^13