Well, this is a volume and ratio problem. In a box the volume is given by width times length times height, so the volume of the first box is 3*4*5=60 cubic inches.
In the second box, the volume is 6*8*10=480 cubic inches.
[tex]\frac{480}{60}=\frac{8}{1}=8[/tex]This means that in the big box you could place 8 peanuts for every peanut placed in the small box. If you need 500 peanuts to fill the small box, then for the big box:
[tex]500\cdot8=4000[/tex]So, you need