Owing to the fact that planets orbits the sun at different speeds, Mars and Jupiter does appear to move backwards for some period of time. The geocentric model fails to explain this.
The geocentric model of the solar system is the approach that held the earth rather than the sun as the center of the solar system. The geocentric model was favored by most of the early astronomers.
However, as popular as the geocentric model of the solar system was, it failed to explain the phenomenon of retrograde motion which includes the apparent backward movement of Mars and Jupiter for some period of time.
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