Two sustainability challenges you would face when developing a sustainable food supply for a Martian colony would relate to Martian radiation and soil characteristics.
According to experiments carried out, Martian radiation is about 17 times more intense than on Earth, which impacts vegetation growth and crop quality.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop resources that enable a sustainable food supply in remote locations, such as for a Martian colony, as some production challenges may be related to food resistance and the amount of oxygen and water needed for growth.
Some solutions, therefore, could be planting in an underground shelter, which would be a controlled environment where conditions would be more favorable for the production of food with greater quality and diversity.
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