Classical conditioning refers to the process that generates an association between a naturally occurring stimulus and a previously neutral one. A conditioned stimulus refers to a previously neutral stimulus.
SECOND-ORDER conditioning explains why some people desire money even more than the objects it purchase (Option D).
In behavioral psychology, second-order conditioning is a type of associative learning by which a first conditioned stimulus associates with a second conditioned stimulus and thus triggers a conditioned response.
For example, an animal firstly associates a bell with food (i.e., first-order conditioning). Subsequently, the animal learns to associate a second different stimulus (e.g., a light) with the bell by second-order conditioning.
