Answer:
The correct answer is A. The struggle for independence against a colonial power turned violent in Kenya.
Explanation:
The colonial history of Kenya began with the establishment of a German protectorate over the coastal possessions of the Sultan of Zanzibar in 1885, followed by the arrival of the British East African Company in 1888. The incipient imperial rivalry ended when Germany granted its coastal possessions to Great Britain in 1890, on the condition that it respected its dominion over its recently acquired possessions in present-day Tanzania.
Following the model of South Africa, in 1915 the British colonial administration imposed the obligation on all blacks over fifteen years of age to wear a permanent certificate on their necks to prove their identity and job. In 1920, the governor raised the per capita tax to force the Kikuyu to join the settlers as agricultural workers and thus be able to pay. However, when in 1921 the settlers reduced the wages of indigenous workers by a third, demonstrations and strikes broke out. On March 16, 57 demonstrators were shot dead and leaders of nationalist associations were arrested and deported.
From October 1952 until December 1959, Kenya remained in a latent state of emergency as a result of the rebellion against British rule. The war left 100,000 dead and 320,000 prisoners (civilians and rebels).
The first direct elections of Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Despite British hopes of giving the nation a "moderate" African leadership, it was the Kenya African National Union of Jomo Kenyatta the political force that formed the first government after the independence of Kenya on December 12, 1963.
